染色质
组蛋白密码
组蛋白修饰酶
生物
组蛋白H1
染色质重塑
组蛋白
核小体
嘉雅宠物
遗传学
组蛋白H2A
细胞生物学
表观遗传学
二价染色质
表观遗传学
计算生物学
DNA
基因
DNA甲基化
基因表达
作者
Sara Martire,Laura A. Banaszynski
标识
DOI:10.1038/s41580-020-0262-8
摘要
Histones serve to both package and organize DNA within the nucleus. In addition to histone post-translational modification and chromatin remodelling complexes, histone variants contribute to the complexity of epigenetic regulation of the genome. Histone variants are characterized by a distinct protein sequence and a selection of designated chaperone systems and chromatin remodelling complexes that regulate their localization in the genome. In addition, histone variants can be enriched with specific post-translational modifications, which in turn can provide a scaffold for recruitment of variant-specific interacting proteins to chromatin. Thus, through these properties, histone variants have the capacity to endow specific regions of chromatin with unique character and function in a regulated manner. In this Review, we provide an overview of recent advances in our understanding of the contribution of histone variants to chromatin function in mammalian systems. First, we discuss new molecular insights into chaperone-mediated histone variant deposition. Next, we discuss mechanisms by which histone variants influence chromatin properties such as nucleosome stability and the local chromatin environment both through histone variant sequence-specific effects and through their role in recruiting different chromatin-associated complexes. Finally, we focus on histone variant function in the context of both embryonic development and human disease, specifically developmental syndromes and cancer. Histone variants differ from canonical histones in their genomic localization, regulation and function. Incorporation of histone variants endows specific genomic regions with unique features to fine-tune gene expression, contributing to animal development and disease pathogenesis.
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