Review of vanadium-based electrode materials for rechargeable aqueous zinc ion batteries

In recent years, rechargeable aqueous zinc ion batteries (ZIBs), as emerging energy storage devices, stand out from numerous metal ion batteries. Due to the advantages of low cost, environmentally friendly characteristic and safety, ZIBs can be considered as alternatives to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Vanadium-based compounds with various structures and large layer spacings are considered as suitable cathode candidates for ZIBs. In this review, the recent research advances of vanadium-based electrode materials are systematically summarized. The electrode design strategy, electrochemical performances and energy storage mechanisms are emphasized. Finally, we point out the limitation of vanadium-based materials at present and the future prospect.