Template‐Free Synthesis of Hierarchical Composite Nanotubes with Superior Lithium and Sodium Storage Performance

2D transition metal disulfides are one of the most preferred materials for lithium‐/sodium‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, complex processes and structural instability during cycling are challenges faced. Herein, the hierarchical composite nanotubes CeO 2 @C@MoS 2 (MS/CNTs) are prepared by electrostatic spinning, followed by a simple carbon coating method. The as‐prepared composite nanotubes with self‐assembled layer structures are characterized by a more stable structure compared with traditional nanofibers due to the existence of a dense skeleton. As a result of the stable framework structure, MS/CNTs exhibit excellent electrochemical performance in LIBs (1002 mA hg −1 at 0.1 A g −1 and 690 mA hg −1 at 1 A g −1 after 500 cycles) and super‐long cyclic stability and electrochemical performance (550 mA hg −1 at 2 A g −1 after 2400 cycles). MS/CNTs also show excellent storage performance in sodium batteries (440 mA hg −1 at 0.5 A g −1 , 400 mA hg −1 at 1 A g −1 ). The stability of MoS 2 nanotubes is effectively improved by chemical and physical methods, mainly due to the support of the CeO 2 @C, metal–organic framework (MOF) tube skeleton, which avoids the shedding of nanotubes after cycling, maintaining a unique structural topography even after 500 cycles.