Biosand Filter as a Point-of-Use Water Treatment Technology: Influence of Turbidity on Microorganism Removal Efficiency

浊度 环境科学 微生物 粪大肠菌群 水质 水处理 原水 环境工程 慢砂过滤器 制浆造纸工业 滤波器(信号处理) 生物 细菌 生态学 工程类 电气工程 遗传学
作者
Daniela A. Duran Romero,Maria Cristina de Almeida Silva,Beni Jequicene Mussengue Chaúque,Antônio Domingues Benetti
出处
期刊:Water [Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute]
卷期号:12 (8): 2302-2302 被引量:18
标识
DOI:10.3390/w12082302
摘要

The number of people living without access to clean water can be reduced by the implementation of point-of-use (POU) water treatment. Among POU treatment systems, the domestic biosand filter (BSF) stands out as a viable technology. However, the performance of the BSF varies with the inflow water quality characteristics, especially turbidity. In some locations, people have no choice but to treat raw water that has turbidity above recommended levels for the technology. This study aimed to measure the efficiency with which the BSF removes microorganisms from well water and from fecal-contaminated water with turbidity levels of 3, 25, and 50 NTU. Turbidity was controlled by the addition of kaolin to water. Turbidity removal varied from 88% to 99%. Reductions in total coliform (TC) and Escherichia coli ranged from 0.54–2.01 and 1.2–2.2 log removal values (LRV), respectively. The BSF that received water with a higher level of turbidity showed the greatest reduction in the concentration of microorganisms. Additional testing with water contaminated with four bacterial pure cultures showed reductions between 2.7 and 3.6 LRV. A higher reduction in microorganisms was achieved after 30–35 days in operation. Despite the filter’s high efficiency, the filtrates still had some microorganisms, and a disinfection POU treatment could be added to increase water safety.
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