Dietary protein considerations for muscle protein synthesis and muscle mass preservation in older adults

肌肉蛋白 肌肉团 肌萎缩 蛋白质生物合成 化学 医学 内科学 内分泌学 生物 骨骼肌 生物化学
作者
Eunice T Olaniyan,Fiona O’Halloran,Aoife L. McCarthy
出处
期刊:Nutrition Research Reviews [Cambridge University Press]
卷期号:34 (1): 147-157 被引量:11
标识
DOI:10.1017/s0954422420000219
摘要

Amino acid bioavailability is critical for muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and preservation of skeletal muscle mass (SMM). Ageing is associated with reduced responsiveness of MPS to essential amino acids (EAA). Further, the older adult population experiences anabolic resistance, leading to increased frailty, functional decline and depleted muscle mass preservation, which facilitates the need for increased protein intake to increase their SMM. This review focuses on the role of proteins in muscle mass preservation and examines the contribution of EAA and protein intake patterns to MPS. Leucine is the most widely studied amino acid for its role as a potent stimulator of MPS, though due to inadequate data little is yet known about the role of other EAA. Reaching a conclusion on the best pattern of protein intake has proven difficult due to conflicting studies. A mixture of animal and plant proteins can contribute to increased MPS and potentially attenuate muscle wasting conditions; however, there is limited research on the biological impact of protein blends in older adults. While there is some evidence to suggest that liquid protein foods with higher than the RDA of protein may be the best strategy for achieving high MPS rates in older adults, clinical trials are warranted to confirm an association between food form and SMM preservation. Further research is warranted before adequate recommendations and strategies for optimising SMM in the elderly population can be proposed.
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