Association of the triglyceride glucose-body mass index with the extent of coronary artery disease in patients with acute coronary syndromes

Abstract Background Studies have shown that insulin resistance is strongly associated with the development of cardiovascular disease, and the triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI index) is considered to be a reliable surrogate marker of insulin resistance. There are limited studies on the relationship between TyG-BMI index and the extent of coronary artery disease in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between TyG-BMI index and the extent of coronary artery disease in patients with ACS. Methods Overall, 2,317 patients with ACS who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention at the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University were included in this study. The TyG-BMI index was grouped according to the tertile method. The extent of coronary artery disease in patients with ACS was quantitatively assessed using the SYNTAX score, which was categorised as low (≤ 22), intermediate (23–32), and high risk (≥ 33). Results In the overall population, multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that TyG-BMI index was associated with mid/high SYNTAX score in patients with ACS (odds ratio [OR] = 1.0041; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.0000–1.0079; p = 0.0310). Subgroup analyses showed that TyG-BMI index was an independent risk factor for mid/high SYNTAX score in female ACS patients after adjusting for multiple confounders (OR = 1.0100; 95% CI = 1.0000–1.0200; p = 0.0050), and that the risk of mid/high SYNTAX score was 2.49 times higher in the T3 group (OR = 2.4900; 95% CI = 1.2200–5.0600; p = 0.0120). Restricted cubic spline analysis showed a linear correlation between TyG-BMI index and complex coronary artery disease (SYNTAX score > 22) in women with ACS. In female ACS patients, inclusion of the TyG-BMI index did not improve the predictive power of the underlying risk model (net reclassification improvement: 0.0867 [-0.0256–0.1989], p = 0.1301; integrated discrimination improvement: 0.0183 [0.0038–0.0329], p = 0.0135). Conclusions TyG-BMI index is linearly associated with the degree of complex coronary artery disease in female ACS patients. However, the inclusion of the TyG-BMI index did not improve the predictive power of the underlying risk model for female ACS patients.