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Pore-Scale Characterization of CO2 Trapping and Oil Displacement in Three-Phase Flow in a Heterogeneous Layered Sandstone

毛细管压力 毛细管作用 磁导率 相对渗透率 残余油 材料科学 提高采收率 石油工程 多相流 地质学 复合材料 多孔介质 机械 化学 多孔性 物理 生物化学
作者
Yingwen Li,Yongfei Yang,Mingzhe Dong,Gloire Imani,Jun Yao,Kai Zhang,Hai Sun,Junjie Zhong,Lei Zhang
出处
期刊:Spe Journal [Society of Petroleum Engineers]
卷期号:29 (02): 1147-1160 被引量:3
标识
DOI:10.2118/217996-pa
摘要

Summary Permeability variation in the vertical direction, a typical sandstone reservoir heterogeneity, can trap a large amount of oil in the low-permeability layer. We performed water-alternating-gas (WAG) injection and CO2 foam flooding on a specially constructed millimeter-sized layered sandstone and investigated fluid distribution using high-resolution X-ray microtomography. Based on the segmented images, CO2 capillary-trapping capacity, oil recovery, Euler number, shaper factor, capillary pressure, and fluid flow conductivity were calculated. Our results show that increasing the number of WAG cycles favored CO2 capillary trapping, and oil recovery was enhanced by the WAG strategy. However, there was still a significant amount of oil trapped in the low-permeability layer. After the WAG injection, the connectivity of the residual oil clusters decreased, the capillary pressure of the oil clusters increased, and oil flow conductivity decreased. This was not conducive to further oil recovery. The subsequent injection of CO2 foam effectively recovered the oil in the low-permeability layer. During the no-injection period, we observed a crossflow phenomenon caused by gravity segregation (the high-permeability layer was located below the low-permeability layer), i.e., oil in the low-permeability layer decreased while oil in the high-permeability layer increased, which is beneficial for subsequent oil production. Furthermore, CO2 moved upward driven by gravity, and although capillary barriers could prevent CO2 from escaping, subsequent water injection was essential to improve the stability of CO2 capillary trapping. This work accurately quantifies the distribution of oil and gas in high- and low-permeability layers, thus providing fundamental data for oil recovery and CO2 trapping in reservoirs with vertical heterogeneity. Although the sample used in the experiment was not natural reservoir rock, our results imply that when the permeability ratio between the two layers is greater than 2, sufficient attention must be paid to the fluid distribution differences caused by this layered heterogeneity. Different displacement strategies, such as WAG and CO2 foam flooding, or gravity differences between oil and gas can be used to enhance oil recovery.
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