Biomimetic alginate-based electroconductive nanofibrous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering application

Novel electrically conductive nanofibrous scaffolds were designed and fabricated through the grafting of aniline monomer onto a phenylamine-functionalized alginate (Alg-NH2) followed by electrospinning with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). Performance of the prepared scaffolds in bone tissue engineering (TE) were studied in terms of physicochemical (e.g., conductivity, electroactivity, morphology, hydrophilicity, water uptake, and mechanical) and biological (cytocompatibility, in vitro biodegradability, cells attachment and proliferation, hemolysis, and protein adsorption) properties. The contact angles of the scaffolds with water drop were obtained about 50 to 60° that confirmed their excellent hydrophilicities for TE applications. Three dimensional (3D), inter-connected and uniform porous structures of the scaffolds without any bead formation was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Electrical conductivities of the fabricated scaffolds were obtained as 1.5 × 10−3 and 2.7 × 10−3 Scm−1. MTT assay results revealed that the scaffolds have acceptable cytocompatibilities and can enhance the cells adhesion as well as proliferation, which approved their potential for TE applications. Hemolysis rate of the developed scaffolds were quantified <2 % even at high concentration (200 μgmL−1) of samples that approved their hemocompatibilities. The scaffolds were also exhibited acceptable protein adsorption capacities (65 and 68 μgmg−1). As numerous experimental results, the developed scaffolds have acceptable potential for bone TE.