A review on graphene-based electrode materials for supercapacitor

Supercapacitors have been recognized as an advanced energy storage technology, renowned for their exceptional power density and extended lifespan, making them outstanding contenders for diverse applications in portable electronics and electric vehicles. Nanostructured materials such as carbon-based substances, metal oxides, and conductive polymers have been harnessed for energy storage purposes. Among carbon materials, graphene was considered a promising electrode material for supercapacitor applications due to its remarkable physical and chemical properties including large surface area, impressive electrical conductivity, and exceptional corrosion resistance in aqueous electrolytes. The present review reports the recent progress and development of graphene-based electrode materials featuring various active ingredients in supercapacitors, including carbonaceous materials, metal oxides, metal sulfides, metal–organic frameworks, and conductive polymers. Additionally, significant advancements have been achieved by utilizing graphene-based composite materials as electrodes to substantially enhance the overall performance of supercapacitors. The main objective was to review the synthesis and application of graphene-based supercapacitor electrode materials as well as the utilization in supercapacitors and conclude the challenges and development of graphene electrode materials in supercapacitors.