[Research updates on a role for retinal contrast in myopia control].

Animal research has established that signals derived from both contrast and defocus can influence refractive development, likely concurrently, so that overall refractive development reflects an integration of these primary visual signals. Important findings include the association of L/M opsin mutations with familial high myopia, axial hyperopia produced in response to form deprivation in moderate outdoor lighting levels, effective control of myopia by diffusion optics technology spectacle lenses designed to reduce retinal contrast, and all current defocus-based optical treatments which inadvertently reduce image contrast. In this review, clinical trial results of optical myopia treatment strategies that manipulate retinal contrast are considered in context of animal research outcomes. In conclusion, research suggests mild reductions in retinal contrast can slow myopia progression in children and may also have a role in defocus-based optical therapy.动物研究结果显示，对比度和离焦等视觉信号可能同时影响眼部屈光发展，因此这些视觉信号的整合可反映整体屈光发展过程。值得注意的是，从长波和中波视锥细胞感光色素视蛋白突变与家族性高度近视眼的关联，适度户外照明水平下形觉剥夺导致的轴性远视变化，到基于减少视网膜对比度信号设计的眼镜片的有效性，以及目前所有基于光学离焦信号的治疗方法，均与视网膜对比度信号改变相关。本文汇总最新研究进展，讨论通过调整视网膜对比度信号对近视进行光学干预的可能机制、方法和效果，提出轻度减少视网膜对比度信号可减缓儿童近视发展的理论依据，为临床开展工作提供参考。.