Applications of fibre Bragg grating sensors for monitoring geotechnical structures: A comprehensive review

Geotechnical monitoring and instrumentation play a key role to assess the safety and performance of the geotechnical structures. Conventionally used electrical instruments possess several inherent limitations while monitoring geotechnical health. In recent years, much attention has been paid towards optical fibre sensing technology for geotechnical health monitoring. This paper highlighted different types of optical fibre with a special focus on the calibration methodology and advantages of Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors over other conventionally used sensors. A comprehensive review of recent research and development activities in geotechnical health monitoring using FBG-based sensors including ground, slope, pile and pullout, moisture, mining activities and design and development of FBG-based sensing instruments is analyzed and discussed. Furthermore, the paper highlights emerging trends in FBG sensing technology for geotechnical health monitoring, including the integration of machine learning algorithms and the development of novel sensor designs.