细胞毒性T细胞
生物
细胞生物学
溶血磷脂酸
T细胞
免疫突触
CD8型
获得性免疫系统
受体
信号转导
免疫系统
免疫学
T细胞受体
生物化学
体外
作者
Raul M. Torres,Jacqueline A. Turner,Marc D’Antonio,Roberta Pelanda,Kimberly N. Kremer
摘要
Summary Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is an endogenous bioactive lipid that is produced extracellularly and signals to cells via cognate LPA receptors, which are G‐protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Mature lymphocytes in mice and humans express three LPA receptors, LPA 2 , LPA 5, and LPA 6 , and work from our group has determined that LPA 5 signaling by T lymphocytes inhibits specific antigen‐receptor signaling pathways that ultimately impair lymphocyte activation, proliferation, and function. In this review, we discuss previous and ongoing work characterizing the ability of an LPA‐LPA 5 axis to serve as a peripheral immunological tolerance mechanism that restrains adaptive immunity but is subverted during settings of chronic inflammation. Specifically, LPA‐LPA 5 signaling is found to regulate effector cytotoxic CD8 T cells by (at least) two mechanisms: (i) regulating the actin‐microtubule cytoskeleton in a manner that impairs immunological synapse formation between an effector CD8 T cell and antigen‐specific target cell, thus directly impairing cytotoxic activity, and (ii) shifting T‐cell metabolism to depend on fatty‐acid oxidation for mitochondrial respiration and reducing metabolic efficiency. The in vivo outcome of LPA 5 inhibitory activity impairs CD8 T‐cell killing and tumor immunity in mouse models providing impetus to consider LPA 5 antagonism for the treatment of malignancies and chronic infections.
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