Direct ammonia fuel cells for power generation: Recent technological advances and mobility applications

Direct ammonia fuel cells (DAFCs) have recently appeared as a promising alternative to existing PEM fuel cells due to ammonia's abundance and high hydrogen content, followed by a low carbon footprint. However, realizing its potential for practical applications requires overcoming technological hurdles. These are: sluggish kinetics of ammonia oxidation reaction, ammonia crossover, and membrane poisoning. This mini review focuses on recent advancements in DAFC technology, highlighting breakthroughs in new catalysts development and system designs that address these challenges and realization of DAFC commercialization for mobility applications.