Patient and implant‐related risk factors for implant failure of one‐stage lateral sinus floor elevation: A 2‐ to 10‐year retrospective study

Abstract Objectives This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the early and late implant failure rates of one‐stage lateral sinus floor elevation (LSFE) and to identify the patient and implant‐related risk factors associated with these failures. Materials and Methods All patients treated with one‐stage LSFE from January 2014 to December 2021 were evaluated for inclusion. A total of 618 patients with 936 implants met the inclusion criteria. Clinical and radiographic information about patient and implants was collected. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards frailty regression models were performed to identify risk factors for early and late implant failure. Results The cumulative implant survival rate was 95.62% (95% CI 93.90%–97.68%), with 16 early implant failures and 25 late implant failures. The Cox analysis indicated that ≤3 mm residual bone height (RBH) was associated with a higher early failure rate. For late implant failure, smoking habit, ≤3 mm RBH, and certain implant brand were independent risk factors. Narrow sinus ostium, long infundibulum, and flat thickening of Schneiderian membrane might be non‐independent risk factors for late implant failure. No significance was found in other variables, including age, periodontitis history, implant characteristics (position, diameter, length, protrusion length, marginal bone loss), surgeon experience, healing time, opposing dentition, and prosthesis. Conclusions One‐stage LSFE is a predictable treatment for patients with atrophic maxilla. ≤3 mm RBH increased the risk of early implant failure, while smoking habit, ≤3 mm RBH, and certain implant brand were independent risk factors for late implant failure.