Multimodal Photodynamic Therapy by Inhibiting the Nrf2/ARE Signaling Pathway in Tumors

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been widely used in the clinical therapy of various tumors, especially superficial tumors. However, the tumor microenvironment presents hypoxia, as well as the inherent antioxidant system (e.g., Nrf2) of tumor cells limits the therapeutic outcomes. Herein, a cascade-responsive "oxidative stress amplifier" (named EZ@TD) is designed by encapsulating manganese-doped carbon dots acting as a photosensitizer and catalase (CAT)-like nanozyme within pH-sensitive ZIF-8 and Zn