摘要
HomeHypertensionVol. 11, No. 1Assessment of human sympathetic nervous system activity from measurements of norepinephrine turnover. Free AccessAbstractPDF/EPUBAboutView PDFSections ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload citationsTrack citationsPermissions ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InMendeleyReddit Jump toFree AccessAbstractPDF/EPUBAssessment of human sympathetic nervous system activity from measurements of norepinephrine turnover. M Esler, G Jennings, P Korner, I Willett, F Dudley, G Hasking, W Anderson and G Lambert M EslerM Esler Baker Medical Research Institute, Prahran, Australia. Search for more papers by this author , G JenningsG Jennings Baker Medical Research Institute, Prahran, Australia. Search for more papers by this author , P KornerP Korner Baker Medical Research Institute, Prahran, Australia. Search for more papers by this author , I WillettI Willett Baker Medical Research Institute, Prahran, Australia. Search for more papers by this author , F DudleyF Dudley Baker Medical Research Institute, Prahran, Australia. Search for more papers by this author , G HaskingG Hasking Baker Medical Research Institute, Prahran, Australia. Search for more papers by this author , W AndersonW Anderson Baker Medical Research Institute, Prahran, Australia. Search for more papers by this author and G LambertG Lambert Baker Medical Research Institute, Prahran, Australia. Search for more papers by this author Originally published1 Jan 1988https://doi.org/10.1161/01.HYP.11.1.3Hypertension. 1988;11:3–20 Previous Back to top Next FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited By Lin Y, Wang M and Cao Y (2023) Establishment of reference intervals for plasma metanephrines in seated position measured by LC-MS/MS and assessment of diagnostic performance in pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma, Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine, 10.1177/00045632231154731, (000456322311547) Ganguly P, Almiro A, Dawalibi A, Al Mahayni T and Mohammad K (2023) Central Control of Sympathetic and Renin Angiotensin System in the Development of Hypertension The Renin Angiotensin System in Cardiovascular Disease, 10.1007/978-3-031-14952-8_11, (173-185), . Esler M, Kjeldsen S, Pathak A, Grassi G, Kreutz R and Mancia G (2022) Diverse pharmacological properties, trial results, comorbidity prescribing and neural pathophysiology suggest European hypertension guideline downgrading of beta-blockers is not justified, Blood Pressure, 10.1080/08037051.2022.2110858, 31:1, (210-224), Online publication date: 31-Dec-2022. Maness E, Burk J, McKenna J, Schiffino F, Strecker R and McCoy J (2022) Role of the locus coeruleus and basal forebrain in arousal and attention, Brain Research Bulletin, 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.07.014, 188, (47-58), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2022. Zhou H, Xu Y, Chen W, Wang L, Du H, Liu H, Ling Z, Yin Y and Elia L (2022) Present Evidence of Determinants to Predict the Efficacy of Renal Denervation, International Journal of Hypertension, 10.1155/2022/5694127, 2022, (1-12), Online publication date: 12-Aug-2022. Carnevale D (2022) Neuroimmune axis of cardiovascular control: mechanisms and therapeutic implications, Nature Reviews Cardiology, 10.1038/s41569-022-00678-w, 19:6, (379-394), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2022. Li S and Phillips J (2022) Patient Selection for Renal Denervation in Hypertensive Patients: What Makes a Good Candidate?, Vascular Health and Risk Management, 10.2147/VHRM.S270182, Volume 18, (375-386) Schmieder R (2020) Renal denervation: where do we stand and what is the relevance to the nephrologist?, Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 10.1093/ndt/gfaa237, 37:4, (638-644), Online publication date: 25-Mar-2022. Lytvyn Y, BURNS K, TESTANI J, LYTVYN A, AMBINATHAN J, OSUNTOKUN O, GODOY L, CHERNEY D and PARKER J (2022) Renal Hemodynamics and Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Profiles in Patients With Heart Failure, Journal of Cardiac Failure, 10.1016/j.cardfail.2021.08.015, 28:3, (385-393), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2022. Ott C and Schmieder R (2022) Diagnosis and treatment of arterial hypertension 2021, Kidney International, 10.1016/j.kint.2021.09.026, 101:1, (36-46), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2022. Pekarskiy S, Baev A, Falkovskaya A, Lichikaki V, Sitkova E, Zubanova I, Manukyan M, Tarasov M, Mordovin V and Popov S (2022) Durable strong efficacy and favorable long-term renal safety of the anatomically optimized distal renal denervation according to the 3 year follow-up extension of the double-blind randomized controlled trial, Heliyon, 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08747, 8:1, (e08747), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2022. Esler M (2022) Pivotal role of the sympathetic nerves of the human heart in mental stress responses and triggered cardiovascular catastrophes, Autonomic Neuroscience, 10.1016/j.autneu.2021.102925, 237, (102925), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2022. Wong E and Low A (2022) Mechanical Interventional Therapies for Hypertension: Present Status and Future Prospects Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease in Asia, 10.1007/978-3-030-95734-6_27, (381-394), . Bigalke J and Carter J (2021) Sympathetic Neural Control in Humans with Anxiety‐Related Disorders Comprehensive Physiology, 10.1002/cphy.c210027, (3085-3117) Kandzari D (2021) Catheter-Based Renal Denervation Therapy: Evolution of Evidence and Future Directions, Circulation: Cardiovascular Interventions, 14:12, Online publication date: 1-Dec-2021. Singh R, McArdle Z, Singh H, Booth L, May C, Head G, Moritz K, Schlaich M and Denton K (2021) Blunted natriuretic response to saline loading in sheep with hypertensive kidney disease following radiofrequency catheter-based renal denervation, Scientific Reports, 10.1038/s41598-021-94221-5, 11:1, Online publication date: 1-Dec-2021. Sata Y, Burke S, Eikelis N, Watson A, Gueguen C, Jackson K, Lambert G, Lim K, Denton K, Schlaich M and Head G (2021) Renal Deafferentation Prevents Progression of Hypertension and Changes to Sympathetic Reflexes in a Rabbit Model of Chronic Kidney Disease, Hypertension, 78:5, (1310-1321), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2021.Grassi G, Quarti-Trevano F, Seravalle G, Dell’Oro R, Vanoli J, Perseghin G and Mancia G (2021) Sympathetic Neural Mechanisms Underlying Attended and Unattended Blood Pressure Measurement, Hypertension, 78:4, (1126-1133), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2021. Dhar U, Liu H and Boyatzis R (2021) Towards Personal Sustainability: Renewal as an Antidote to Stress, Sustainability, 10.3390/su13179945, 13:17, (9945) DeLalio L and Stocker S (2021) Impact of anesthesia and sex on sympathetic efferent and hemodynamic responses to renal chemo- and mechanosensitive stimuli, Journal of Neurophysiology, 10.1152/jn.00277.2021, 126:2, (668-679), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2021. Klassen S, Joyner M and Baker S (2021) The impact of ageing and sex on sympathetic neurocirculatory regulation, Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology, 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.01.001, 116, (72-81), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2021. Haribabu S, Sharif F and Zafar H (2020) Recent trends in renal denervation devices for resistant hypertension treatment, Irish Journal of Medical Science (1971 -), 10.1007/s11845-020-02421-1, 190:3, (971-979), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2021. Jenkins Z, Eikelis N, Phillipou A, Castle D, Wilding H and Lambert E (2021) Autonomic Nervous System Function in Anorexia Nervosa: A Systematic Review, Frontiers in Neuroscience, 10.3389/fnins.2021.682208, 15 Chong T and Nguyen M (2021) Renal Denervation: A Revival or The Same Old Story, Heart, Lung and Circulation, 10.1016/j.hlc.2020.12.020, 30:6, (843-847), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2021. Floras J (2021) From Brain to Blood Vessel: Insights From Muscle Sympathetic Nerve Recordings, Hypertension, 77:5, (1456-1468), Online publication date: 1-May-2021. Aalkjær C, Nilsson H and De Mey J (2021) Sympathetic and sensory-motor nerves in peripheral small arteries, Physiological Reviews, 10.1152/physrev.00007.2020, 101:2, (495-544), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2021. Akinseye O, Ralston W, Johnson K, Ketron L, Womack C and Ibebuogu U (2021) Renal Sympathetic Denervation: A Comprehensive Review, Current Problems in Cardiology, 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2020.100598, 46:3, (100598), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2021. Peng W, Xie Y, Liu K, Qi H, Liu Z, Xia J, Cao H, Guo C, Sun Y, Liu X, Li B, Wen F, Zhang F and Zhang L (2020) Discrepant acute effect of saline loading on blood pressure, urinary sodium and potassium according to salt intake level: EpiSS study, The Journal of Clinical Hypertension, 10.1111/jch.14106, 23:2, (289-300), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2021. Simpson L, Meah V, Steele A, Gasho C, Howe C, Dawkins T, Busch S, Oliver S, Moralez G, Lawley J, Tymko M, Vizcardo‐Galindo G, Figueroa‐Mujíca R, Villafuerte F, Ainslie P, Stembridge M, Steinback C and Moore J (2020) Global REACH 2018: Andean highlanders, chronic mountain sickness and the integrative regulation of resting blood pressure, Experimental Physiology, 10.1113/EP088473, 106:1, (104-116), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2021. Esler M (2020) Ablating the renal nerves to treat heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: another treatment option in a crowded space?, Clinical Autonomic Research, 10.1007/s10286-020-00741-x, 30:6, (499-500), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2020. Sata Y, Burke S, Gueguen C, Lim K, Watson A, Jha J, Eikelis N, Jackson K, Lambert G, Denton K, Schlaich M and Head G (2020) Contribution of the Renal Nerves to Hypertension in a Rabbit Model of Chronic Kidney Disease, Hypertension, 76:5, (1470-1479), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2020. Sata Y, Burke S, Watson A, Jha J, Gueguen C, Eikelis N, Lim K, Jackson K, Lambert G, Jandeleit-Dahm K, Denton K, Esler M, Schlaich M and Head G (2020) Differential sympathetic response to lesion-induced chronic kidney disease in rabbits, Kidney International, 10.1016/j.kint.2020.03.039, 98:4, (906-917), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2020. Carnevale D (2020) Neural Control of Immunity in Hypertension: Council on Hypertension Mid Career Award for Research Excellence, 2019, Hypertension, 76:3, (622-628), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2020. Azhar A, Zaher Z, Ashour O and Abdel-Naim A (2020) 2-Methoxyestradiol ameliorates metabolic syndrome-induced hypertension and catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibited expression and activity in rats, European Journal of Pharmacology, 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173278, 882, (173278), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2020. Al-Alawi M, Brietzke E, Carvalhal A and Soares C (2020) The potential anti-depressant properties of dexmedetomidine infusion: a review of mechanistic, preclinical, and clinical evidence, Reviews in the Neurosciences, 10.1515/revneuro-2020-0001, 31:6, (649-658), Online publication date: 27-Aug-2020., Online publication date: 1-Aug-2020. Esler M, Lambert G, Esler D, Ika Sari C, Guo L and Jennings G (2020) Evaluation of elevated heart rate as a sympathetic nervous system biomarker in essential hypertension, Journal of Hypertension, 10.1097/HJH.0000000000002407, 38:8, (1488-1495), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2020. Bardsley E and Paterson D (2018) Neurocardiac regulation: from cardiac mechanisms to novel therapeutic approaches, The Journal of Physiology, 10.1113/JP276962, 598:14, (2957-2976), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2020. Tantisattamo E, Molnar M, Ho B, Reddy U, Dafoe D, Ichii H, Ferrey A, Hanna R, Kalantar-Zadeh K and Amin A (2020) Approach and Management of Hypertension After Kidney Transplantation, Frontiers in Medicine, 10.3389/fmed.2020.00229, 7 Young K, Cartee N, Ivanova M and Wang M (2020) Thiol-mediated and catecholamine-enhanced multimerization of a cerebrovascular disease enriched fragment of NOTCH3, Experimental Neurology, 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113261, 328, (113261), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2020. Ruilope L, Rodríguez-Sánchez E, Navarro-García J, Segura J, Órtiz A, Lucia A and Ruiz-Hurtado G (2019) Resistant hypertension: new insights and therapeutic perspectives, European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy, 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvz057, 6:3, (188-193), Online publication date: 1-May-2020. Hering L, Rahman M, Hoch H, Markó L, Yang G, Reil A, Yakoub M, Gupta V, Potthoff S, Vonend O, Ralph D, Gurley S, McDonough A, Rump L and Stegbauer J (2020) α2A-Adrenoceptors Modulate Renal Sympathetic Neurotransmission and Protect against Hypertensive Kidney Disease, Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 10.1681/ASN.2019060599, 31:4, (783-798), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2020. Wallbach M, Born E, Kämpfer D, Lüders S, Müller G, Wachter R and Koziolek M (2019) Long-term effects of baroreflex activation therapy: 2-year follow-up data of the BAT Neo system, Clinical Research in Cardiology, 10.1007/s00392-019-01536-5, 109:4, (513-522), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2020. West C, Poormasjedi‐Meibod M, Manouchehri N, Williams A, Erskine E, Webster M, Fisk S, Morrison C, Short K, So K, Cheung A, Streijger F and Kwon B (2020) A porcine model for studying the cardiovascular consequences of high‐thoracic spinal cord injury, The Journal of Physiology, 10.1113/JP278451, 598:5, (929-942), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2020. Noh M, Jang H, Kim J and Padanilam B (2020) Renal Sympathetic Nerve-Derived Signaling in Acute and Chronic Kidney Diseases, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 10.3390/ijms21051647, 21:5, (1647) Murabayashi M, Daimon M, Murakami H, Fujita T, Sato E, Tanabe J, Matsuhashi Y, Takayasu S, Yanagimachi M, Terui K, Kageyama K, Tokuda I, Sawada K, Ihara K and Shimosawa T (2020) Association between higher urinary normetanephrine and insulin resistance in a Japanese population, PLOS ONE, 10.1371/journal.pone.0228787, 15:2, (e0228787) Bharath R, Moodithaya S, Halahalli H, Undaru S, Nallilu S and Mirajkar A (2020) Evaluation of sympathetic sudomotor responses to auditory stimuli in children with autism spectrum disorders, Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 10.4103/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_573_19, 62:5, (494), . Al Raisi S, Pouliopoulos J, Swinnen J, Thiagalingam A and Kovoor P (2020) Renal Artery Denervation in Resistant Hypertension: The Good, The Bad and The Future, Heart, Lung and Circulation, 10.1016/j.hlc.2019.06.723, 29:1, (94-101), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2020. Cao L, Holmes A, Marshall J, Fabritz L and Brain K (2020) Dynamic monitoring of single-terminal norepinephrine transporter rate in the rodent cardiovascular system: A novel fluorescence imaging method, Autonomic Neuroscience, 10.1016/j.autneu.2019.102611, 223, (102611), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2020. Gronda E and Vanoli E (2020) The Cardiorenal Cross Talk Brain and Heart Dynamics, 10.1007/978-3-030-28008-6_3, (43-53), . Head G, Jackson K and Gueguen C (2019) Potential Therapeutic Use of Neurosteroids for Hypertension, Frontiers in Physiology, 10.3389/fphys.2019.01477, 10 Mahfoud F, Böhm M, Schmieder R, Narkiewicz K, Ewen S, Ruilope L, Schlaich M, Williams B, Fahy M and Mancia G (2019) Effects of renal denervation on kidney function and long-term outcomes: 3-year follow-up from the Global SYMPLICITY Registry, European Heart Journal, 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz118, 40:42, (3474-3482), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2019. Ramchandra R, Xing D, Matear M, Lambert G, Allen A and May C (2019) Neurohumoral interactions contributing to renal vasoconstriction and decreased renal blood flow in heart failure, American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 10.1152/ajpregu.00026.2019, 317:3, (R386-R396), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2019. Grimaldi D, Goldstein M and Carter J (2019) Insomnia and cardiovascular autonomic control, Autonomic Neuroscience, 10.1016/j.autneu.2019.05.003, 220, (102551), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2019. Gill A, Gray S, Jandeleit-Dahm K and Watson A SGLT-2 Inhibition: Novel Therapeutics for Reno-and Cardioprotection in Diabetes Mellitus, Current Diabetes Reviews, 10.2174/1573399814666180417121246, 15:5, (349-356) Zhen Z, Liao S, Zhu Z, Sijia S, Au K, Lai W, Tsang A, Hai J and Tse H (2019) Catheter-Based Splanchnic Denervation for Treatment of Hypertensive Cardiomyopathy, Hypertension, 74:1, (47-55), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2019. Kerage D, Sloan E, Mattarollo S and McCombe P (2019) Interaction of neurotransmitters and neurochemicals with lymphocytes, Journal of Neuroimmunology, 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.04.006, 332, (99-111), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2019. Katayama K and Saito M (2019) Muscle sympathetic nerve activity during exercise, The Journal of Physiological Sciences, 10.1007/s12576-019-00669-6, 69:4, (589-598), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2019. Poffé C, Ramaekers M, Thienen R and Hespel P (2019) Ketone ester supplementation blunts overreaching symptoms during endurance training overload, The Journal of Physiology, 10.1113/JP277831, 597:12, (3009-3027), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2019. Watson A, Gould E, Penfold S, Lambert G, Pratama P, Dai A, Gray S, Head G and Jandeleit-Dahm K (2019) Diabetes and Hypertension Differentially Affect Renal Catecholamines and Renal Reactive Oxygen Species, Frontiers in Physiology, 10.3389/fphys.2019.00309, 10 Zhang H, Yu W, Zhang J, Xie D, Gu Y, Ye P and Chen S (2019) Pulmonary artery denervation improves hemodynamics and cardiac function in pulmonary hypertension secondary to heart failure, Pulmonary Circulation, 10.1177/2045894018816297, 9:2, (1-12), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2019. Rodríguez-Leor O, Cid-Álvarez A, Moreno R and Pérez de Prado A (2019) Selección de lo mejor del año 2018 en denervación simpática renal en el tratamiento de la hipertensión arterial, REC: CardioClinics, 10.1016/j.rccl.2019.01.009, 54, (51-57), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2019. Bisch A, Wheatley C, Baker S, Peitzman E, Van Iterson E, Laguna T, Morgan W and Snyder E (2019) Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Genotype, Not Circulating Catecholamines, Influences Cardiovascular Function in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis, Clinical Medicine Insights: Circulatory, Respiratory and Pulmonary Medicine, 10.1177/1179548419835788, 13, (117954841983578), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2019. Posada-Quintero H, Dimitrov T, Moutran A, Park S and Chon K Analysis of Reproducibility of Noninvasive Measures of Sympathetic Autonomic Control Based on Electrodermal Activity and Heart Rate Variability, IEEE Access, 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2899485, 7, (22523-22531) Walker A, Martelli D, Ziegler A, Lambert G, Phillips S, Hill S, McAllen R and Sloan E (2019) Circulating epinephrine is not required for chronic stress to enhance metastasis, Psychoneuroendocrinology, 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.09.012, 99, (191-195), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2019. Gronda E and Vanoli E (2019) The Cardiorenal Cross Talk Brain and Heart Dynamics, 10.1007/978-3-319-90305-7_3-1, (1-11), . Goodman J, Wilkinson I and McEniery C (2019) Systolic Hypertension in Youth Prehypertension and Cardiometabolic Syndrome, 10.1007/978-3-319-75310-2_19, (257-270), . Quinn G, Gary P, Damiano C and Teehan G (2018) Treatment of Resistant Hypertension: An Update in Device Therapy Blood Pressure - From Bench to Bed, 10.5772/intechopen.73640 Schlader Z and Charkoudian N (2018) Neural Control of Blood Pressure and Body Temperature During Heat Stress, Colloquium Series on Integrated Systems Physiology: From Molecule to Function, 10.4199/C00162ED1V01Y201805ISP081, 10:1, (i-96), Online publication date: 17-Jul-2018. Kopp U (2018) Neural Control of Renal Function, Second Edition, Colloquium Series on Integrated Systems Physiology: From Molecule to Function, 10.4199/C00161ED2V01Y201805ISP080, 10:1, (i-106), Online publication date: 17-Jul-2018. Eikelis N, Marques F, Hering D, Marusic P, Head G, Walton A, Lambert E, Esler M, Sari C, Schlaich M and Lambert G (2018) A polymorphism in the noradrenaline transporter gene is associated with increased blood pressure in patients with resistant hypertension, Journal of Hypertension, 10.1097/HJH.0000000000001736, 36:7, (1571-1577), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2018. Saxena M, Shour T, Shah M, Wolff C, Julu P, Kapil V, Collier D, Ng F, Gupta A, Balawon A, Pheby J, Zak A, Rull G, O'Brien B, Schmieder R and Lobo M (2018) Attenuation of Splanchnic Autotransfusion Following Noninvasive Ultrasound Renal Denervation: A Novel Marker of Procedural Success, Journal of the American Heart Association, 7:12, Online publication date: 19-Jun-2018. Shoemaker J, Klassen S, Badrov M and Fadel P (2018) Fifty years of microneurography: learning the language of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system in humans, Journal of Neurophysiology, 10.1152/jn.00841.2017, 119:5, (1731-1744), Online publication date: 1-May-2018. Morganti A and Mancia G (2018) Resistant hypertension: Renal denervation or intensified medical treatment?, European Journal of Internal Medicine, 10.1016/j.ejim.2017.12.010, 50, (6-11), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2018. Haspula D and Clark M (2018) Neuroinflammation and sympathetic overactivity: Mechanisms and implications in hypertension, Autonomic Neuroscience, 10.1016/j.autneu.2018.01.002, 210, (10-17), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2018. Nicholls A, Wen S, Hall P, Hickey M and Wong C (2017) Activation of the sympathetic nervous system modulates neutrophil function, Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 10.1002/JLB.3MA0517-194RR, 103:2, (295-309), Online publication date: 26-Jan-2018. Padmanabhan D, Isath A and Gersh B (2018) Renal Denervation: Paradise Lost? Paradise Regained?, US Cardiology Review, 10.15420/usc.2018.1.2, 12:2, (78), . Esler M, Lambert G, Schlaich M, Dixon J, Sari C and Lambert E (2017) Obesity Paradox in Hypertension, Hypertension, 71:1, (22-33), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2018. Park J, Bhimani R and Bass C (2018) Review—In Vivo Electrochemical Measurements of Norepinephrine in the Brain: Current Status and Remaining Challenges, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 10.1149/2.0091812jes, 165:12, (G3051-G3056), . Anwaruddin S and Bhatt D (2018) Device Therapies Hypertension: A Companion to Braunwald's Heart Disease, 10.1016/B978-0-323-42973-3.00028-7, (268-273), . Perrotta M, Lembo G and Carnevale D (2018) The Interactions of the Immune System and the Brain in Hypertension, Current Hypertension Reports, 10.1007/s11906-018-0808-8, 20:1, Online publication date: 1-Jan-2018. Seravalle G, Brambilla G, Pizzala D and Grassi G (2018) Nervous System Disorders of Blood Pressure Regulation, 10.1007/978-3-319-59918-2_6, (67-79), . Barber-Chamoux N and Esler M (2017) Predictive factors for successful renal denervation: should we use them in clinical trials?, European Journal of Clinical Investigation, 10.1111/eci.12792, 47:11, (860-867), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2017. Okusa M, Rosin D and Tracey K (2017) Targeting neural reflex circuits in immunity to treat kidney disease, Nature Reviews Nephrology, 10.1038/nrneph.2017.132, 13:11, (669-680), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2017. Townsend R, Mahfoud F, Kandzari D, Kario K, Pocock S, Weber M, Ewen S, Tsioufis K, Tousoulis D, Sharp A, Watkinson A, Schmieder R, Schmid A, Choi J, East C, Walton A, Hopper I, Cohen D, Wilensky R, Lee D, Ma A, Devireddy C, Lea J, Lurz P, Fengler K, Davies J, Chapman N, Cohen S, DeBruin V, Fahy M, Jones D, Rothman M, Böhm M, Aoki J, Batson B, Böhm M, Choi J, Cohen D, Dangas G, David S, Davies J, Devireddy C, Kandzari D, Kario K, Lee D, Lurz P, Patel M, Patel K, Schmieder R, Sharp A, Singh J, Tsioufis K, Walton A, Weber T, Weil J, Zeller T, Ziada K, Tanabe K, Wilkins R, Mahfoud F, East C, Wilensky R, Contreras J, Steigerwalt S, Chapman N, Lea J, Reedus D, Hoshide S, Ma A, Fengler K, Svetkey L, Rao A, Schmid A, Watkinson A, Brown A, Tousoulis D, Hopper I, Suppan M, Agdirlioglu T, Noory E and Chasen C (2017) Catheter-based renal denervation in patients with uncontrolled hypertension in the absence of antihypertensive medications (SPYRAL HTN-OFF MED): a randomised, sham-controlled, proof-of-concept trial, The Lancet, 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32281-X, 390:10108, (2160-2170), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2017. van Bilsen M, Patel H, Bauersachs J, Böhm M, Borggrefe M, Brutsaert D, Coats A, de Boer R, de Keulenaer G, Filippatos G, Floras J, Grassi G, Jankowska E, Kornet L, Lunde I, Maack C, Mahfoud F, Pollesello P, Ponikowski P, Ruschitzka F, Sabbah H, Schultz H, Seferovic P, Slart R, Taggart P, Tocchetti C, Van Laake L, Zannad F, Heymans S and Lyon A (2017) The autonomic nervous system as a therapeutic target in heart failure: a scientific position statement from the Translational Research Committee of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology, European Journal of Heart Failure, 10.1002/ejhf.921, 19:11, (1361-1378), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2017. Bhatwadekar A, Duan Y, Korah M, Thinschmidt J, Hu P, Leley S, Caballero S, Shaw L, Busik J and Grant M (2017) Hematopoietic stem/progenitor involvement in retinal microvascular repair during diabetes: Implications for bone marrow rejuvenation, Vision Research, 10.1016/j.visres.2017.06.016, 139, (211-220), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2017. Mercado-Asis L, Siao R and Amba N (2017) Evolving Clinical Presentation and Assessment of Pheochromocytoma: A Review, Journal of Medicine, University of Santo Tomas, 10.35460/2546-1621.2017-0050, 1:1, (5-23), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2017. Li Y, Shen X, Li L, Zhao T, Bernstein K, Johnson A, Lyden P, Fang J and Shi P (2017) Brain Transforming Growth Factor-β Resists Hypertension Via Regulating Microglial Activation, Stroke, 48:9, (2557-2564), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2017. Zhong M, Kim L, Swaminathan R and Feldman D (2017) Renal Denervation to Modify Hypertension and the Heart Failure State, Interventional Cardiology Clinics, 10.1016/j.iccl.2017.03.013, 6:3, (453-464), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2017. Lim K, Jackson K, Sata Y and Head G (2017) Factors Responsible for Obesity-Related Hypertension, Current Hypertension Reports, 10.1007/s11906-017-0750-1, 19:7, Online publication date: 1-Jul-2017. de Leeuw P, Bisognano J, Bakris G, Nadim M, Haller H and Kroon A (2017) Sustained Reduction of Blood Pressure With Baroreceptor Activation Therapy, Hypertension, 69:5, (836-843), Online publication date: 1-May-2017. Howden E, Lawley J, Esler M and Levine B (2017) Potential role of endurance training in altering renal sympathetic nerve activity in CKD?, Autonomic Neuroscience, 10.1016/j.autneu.2016.11.002, 204, (74-80), Online publication date: 1-May-2017. Esler M and Guo L (2017) The future of renal denervation, Autonomic Neuroscience, 10.1016/j.autneu.2016.08.004, 204, (131-138), Online publication date: 1-May-2017. Park C and Lee H (2017) Clinical utility of sympathetic blockade in cardiovascular disease management, Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy, 10.1080/14779072.2017.1307736, 15:4, (277-288), Online publication date: 3-Apr-2017. George C, Bhambhvani P and Oparil S (2016) 123I-mIBG scintigraphy: Clinical tool for assessing renal sympathetic activity?, Journal of Nuclear Cardiology, 10.1007/s12350-016-0764-0, 24:2, (372-376), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2017. Yamada S, Lo L, Chou Y, Lin W, Chang S, Lin Y, Liu S, Cheng W, Tsai T and Chen S (2017) Beneficial Effect of Renal Denervation on Ventricular Premature Complex Induced Cardiomyopathy, Journal of the American Heart Association, 6:3, Online publication date: 1-Mar-2017. Jayasinghe S, Torres S, Hussein M, Fraser S, Lambert G, Turner A and Csernoch L (2017) Fitter Women Did Not Have Attenuated Hemodynamic Responses to Psychological Stress Compared with Age-Matched Women with Lower Levels of Fitness, PLOS ONE, 10.1371/journal.pone.0169746, 12:1, (e0169746) Bie P and Evans R (2016) Normotension, hypertension and body fluid regulation: brain and kidney, Acta Physiologica, 10.1111/apha.12718, 219:1, (288-304), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2017. Koopmann M, Shea J, Kholmovski E, de Bever J, Minalga E, Holbrook M, Merrill R, Hadley J, Owan T, Salama M, Marrouche N and Payne A (2016) Renal sympathetic denervation using MR-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound in a porcine model, Journal of Therapeutic Ultrasound, 10.1186/s40349-016-0048-9, 4:1, Online publication date: 1-Dec-2016. Parkin M, Lim K, Burke S and Head G (2016) Comparison in Conscious Rabbits of the Baroreceptor-Heart Rate Reflex Effects of Chronic Treatment with Rilmenidine, Moxonidine, and Clonidine, Frontiers in Physiology, 10.3389/fphys.2016.00522, 7 Turlejski T, Humoud I, Desai R, Smith K and Marina N (2016) Immunohistochemical evidence of tissue hypoxia and astrogliosis in the rostral ventrolateral medulla of spontaneously hypertensive rats, Brain Research, 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.09.012, 1650, (178-183), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2016. Eckberg D, Diedrich A, Cooke W, Biaggioni I, Buckey J, Pawelczyk J, Ertl A, Cox J, Kuusela T, Tahvanainen K, Mano T, Iwase S, Baisch F, Levine B, Adams‐Huet B, Robertson D and Blomqvist C (2016) Respiratory modulation of human autonomic function: long‐term neuroplasticity in space, The Journal of Physiology, 10.1113/JP271656, 594:19, (5629-5646), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2016. Pilic L, Pedlar C and Mavrommatis Y (2016) Salt-sensitive hypertension: mechanisms and effects of dietary and other lifestyle factors, Nutrition Reviews, 10.1093/nutrit/nuw028, 74:10, (645-658), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2016. Posada-Quintero H, Florian J, Orjuela-Cañón A, Aljama-Corrales T, Charleston-Villalobos S and Chon K (2016) Power Spectral Density Analysis of Electrodermal Activity for Sympathetic Function Assessment, Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 10.1007/s10439-016-1606-6, 44:10, (3124-3135), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2016. Posada-Quintero H, Florian J, Orjuela-Cañón Á and Chon K (2016) Highly sensitive index of sympathetic activity based on time-frequency spectral analysis of electrodermal activity, American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology