Six compounds including five nitrogen-containing compounds and one possible artifact have been isolated from the ethanol extract of Brachystemma calycinum, a folk medicine in Yunnan Province. Their structures were identified as brachystemoside A (1),which was a new compound , together with five known compounds namely methyl L-pyroglutamate (2), adenosine (3), 2-minaline (4), 3'-furfuryl-pyrrole-2-carboxylate(5)and ethyl α-D-glucopyranoside(6)by spectral and chemical means respectively.