Regenerating neurons by using endogenous neuronal progenitor cells

Currently, there is no effective treatment for the neuronal loss caused by neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or ischemic stroke. However, recent studies have shown that endogenous neural progenitor cells continuously generate new neurons in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the adult mammalian brain. Some of these new neurons migrate to the injured site and differentiate into mature neurons. Such new neurons may be able to replace degenerated neurons and improve or repair neurological deficits. To establish a neuroregenerative therapy using this endogenous system, endogenous regulatory mechanisms must be understood. Here, we review current knowledge on the generation of new neurons in the adult brain and discuss their potential for use in replacing neurons lost to neurodegenerative diseases, including ALS, and to ischemic stroke.