Translation, adaptation and validation of instruments or scales for use in cross‐cultural health care research: a clear and user‐friendly guideline

Journal of Evaluation in Clinical PracticeVolume 17, Issue 2 p. 268-274 Translation, adaptation and validation of instruments or scales for use in cross-cultural health care research: a clear and user-friendly guideline Valmi D. Sousa PhD RN, Corresponding Author Valmi D. Sousa PhD RN Associate Professor, The University of Kansas School of Nursing, Kansas City, Kansas, USAValmi D. Sousa The University of Kansas School of Nursing 3901Rainbow Boulevard Kansas City, KS 66160 USA E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorWilaiporn Rojjanasrirat PhD RNC IBCLC, Wilaiporn Rojjanasrirat PhD RNC IBCLC Associate Professor, Graceland University School of Nursing, Independence, Missouri, USASearch for more papers by this author Valmi D. Sousa PhD RN, Corresponding Author Valmi D. Sousa PhD RN Associate Professor, The University of Kansas School of Nursing, Kansas City, Kansas, USAValmi D. Sousa The University of Kansas School of Nursing 3901Rainbow Boulevard Kansas City, KS 66160 USA E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorWilaiporn Rojjanasrirat PhD RNC IBCLC, Wilaiporn Rojjanasrirat PhD RNC IBCLC Associate Professor, Graceland University School of Nursing, Independence, Missouri, USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 28 September 2010 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2753.2010.01434.xCitations: 1,311Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstract Rationale, aims and objectives The diversity of the population worldwide suggests a great need for cross-culturally validated research instruments or scales. Researchers and clinicians must have access to reliable and valid measures of concepts of interest in their own cultures and languages to conduct cross-cultural research and/or provide quality patient care. Although there are well-established methodological approaches for translating, adapting and validating instruments or scales for use in cross-cultural health care research, a great variation in the use of these approaches continues to prevail in the health care literature. Therefore, the objectives of this scholarly paper were to review published recommendations of cross-cultural validation of instruments and scales, and to propose and present a clear and user-friendly guideline for the translation, adaptation and validation of instruments or scales for cross-cultural health care research. Methods A review of highly recommended methodological approaches to translation, adaptation and cross-cultural validation of research instruments or scales was performed. Recommendations were summarized and incorporated into a seven-step guideline. Each one of the steps was described and key points were highlighted. Example of a project using the proposed steps of the guideline was fully described. 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