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Occurrence of radical and nonradical pathways from carbocatalysts for aqueous and nonaqueous catalytic oxidation

化学 激进的 催化作用 光化学 水溶液 氧化物 吸附 离解(化学) 密度泛函理论 无机化学 有机化学 组合化学 计算化学
作者
Xiaoguang Duan,Zhimin Ao,Zhou Li,Hongqi Sun,Guoxiu Wang,Shaobin Wang
出处
期刊:Applied Catalysis B-environmental [Elsevier BV]
卷期号:188: 98-105 被引量:665
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.apcatb.2016.01.059
摘要

Abstract Metal-free activation of superoxides provides an efficient and environmentally benign strategy for heterogeneous catalytic oxidation. In this study, nanocarbons with varying carbon-conjugation structures and functional groups were investigated for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. It was discovered that radical and nonradical oxidations could occur on different carbocatalysts depending on the carbon structure. Radical oxidation occurs exclusively on MWCNTs and CMK-3, similar to a metal oxide, MnO2. Both radical and nonradical oxidations are very pronounced in nanodiamond (AND-900)/PMS whilst nonradical oxidation is dominated in reduced graphene oxide (rGO-900)/PMS. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were employed to explore the PMS adsorption and O O bond activation on the different carbon configurations for an in-depth probe of the activation mechanism. The intact sp2-conjugated π system in MWCNTs and electron-rich ketonic groups (as Lewis basic sites) in CMK-3 can stimulate PMS dissociation to generate SO4 − and OH, similar to metal-based catalysts. However, the defective edges at the boundary of carbon network are able to facilitate the organic degradation without generation of the reactive radicals, which is well supported by both experiments and the DFT calculation. The emerging nonradical oxidation induced by the carbocatalysis is superior to the radical oxidation on most metal oxides for effective degradation of various organics. The influences of solution pH, various anions (H2PO42−, HCO3− and Cl−) and background organic matters (humic acid) on the nonradical oxidation were further evaluated. The nonradical oxidation on carbocatalysts can be utilized as a green and effective oxidation strategy for aqueous environmental remediation and nonaqueous phase oxidation.
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