聚丙烯
聚氯乙烯
聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯
聚乙烯
聚苯乙烯
材料科学
塑料工业
高分子科学
塑料废料
商品
业务
环境科学
废物管理
生化工程
复合材料
聚合物
工程类
财务
作者
Anthony L. Andrady,Mike A. Neal
标识
DOI:10.1098/rstb.2008.0304
摘要
This article explains the history, from 1600 BC to 2008, of materials that are today termed ‘plastics’. It includes production volumes and current consumption patterns of five main commodity plastics: polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene and polyethylene terephthalate. The use of additives to modify the properties of these plastics and any associated safety, in use, issues for the resulting polymeric materials are described. A comparison is made with the thermal and barrier properties of other materials to demonstrate the versatility of plastics. Societal benefits for health, safety, energy saving and material conservation are described, and the particular advantages of plastics in society are outlined. Concerns relating to littering and trends in recycling of plastics are also described. Finally, we give predictions for some of the potential applications of plastic over the next 20 years.
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