Defluorination study of spent carbon cathode by microwave high-temperature roasting

分析化学(期刊) 石墨 材料科学 扫描电子显微镜 碳纤维 X射线光电子能谱 差示扫描量热法 烘烤 拉曼光谱 化学 核化学 化学工程 冶金 复合数 复合材料 热力学 色谱法 物理 工程类 光学
作者
Zhi Zhu,Lei Xu,Zhaohui Han,Jianhua Liu,Libo Zhang,Chuxuan Yang,Zhangbiao Xu,Peng Liu
出处
期刊:Journal of Environmental Management [Elsevier BV]
卷期号:302: 114028-114028 被引量:35
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114028
摘要

Spent carbon cathode (SCC) produced in the process of aluminum electrolysis is a typical toxic and hazardous solid waste. Therefore, the harmless treatment of SCC is extremely important for the green development of aluminum electrolysis industry. In this paper, the microwave-assisted high-temperature roasting technology was developed to remove fluorides in SCC for recycling of this cathode. The melting point, dielectric parameter, crystalline structure, surface chemical property, elemental composition, morphological structure, carbon graphitization and surface area were characterized using thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry, high-temperature composite conductivity analyzer, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electronic microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and isothermal N2 adsorption-desorption method. The content of fluorides in raw and treated SCC was measured by ion activity meter. The results showed that the phase of sodium fluoride and cryolite would transform from solid to liquid when the temperature was higher than 1098.5 °C, and the SCC exhibited good performance on wave absorption with the action depth of 1 cm. The SCC was mainly composed of 57.94 wt% C, 14.23 wt% NaF, 1.80 wt%, CaF2, 15.06 wt% Na3AlF6, and 10.97 wt% Other. After treatment under microwave, the graphite carbon exhibited pitting structure and the fluorides could be effectively removed. In addition, the average layer spacing of graphite was increased from 0.34 to 0.36 nm. The defluorination of SCC could be enhanced with the increase of roasting temperature, which would attain 95.4% at 1500 °C. Compared with the traditional roasting method, the process under microwave showed more defects, which would provide a new guidance for the treatment and recycling of spent SCC.
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