材料科学
纳米颗粒
阳极
等离子体
粒径
结块
硅
粒子(生态学)
锂(药物)
纳米技术
化学物理
锂离子电池
化学工程
光电子学
电池(电)
复合材料
化学
电极
热力学
医学
功率(物理)
物理
海洋学
物理化学
量子力学
内分泌学
地质学
工程类
作者
J. Schwan,Brandon Wagner,Minseok Kim,Lorenzo Mangolini
标识
DOI:10.1088/1361-6463/ac3867
摘要
Abstract The use of silicon nanoparticles for lithium-ion batteries requires a precise control over both their average size and their size distribution. Particles larger than the generally accepted critical size of 150 nm fail during lithiation because of excessive swelling, while very small particles (<10 nm) inevitably lead to a poor first cycle coulombic efficiency because of their excessive specific surface area. Both mechanisms induce irreversible capacity losses and are detrimental to the anode functionality. In this manuscript we describe a novel approach for enhanced growth of nanoparticles to ∼20 nm using low-temperature flow-through plasma reactors via pulsing. Pulsing of the RF power leads to a significant increase in the average particle size, all while maintaining the particles well below the critical size for stable operation in a lithium-ion battery anode. A zero-dimensional aerosol plasma model is developed to provide insights into the dynamics of particle agglomeration and growth in the pulsed plasma reactor. The accelerated growth correlates with the shape of the particle size distribution in the afterglow, which is in turn controlled by parameters such as metastable density, gas and electron temperature. The accelerated agglomeration in each afterglow phase is followed by rapid sintering of the agglomerates into single-crystal particles in the following plasma-on phase. This study highlights the potential of non-thermal plasma reactors for the synthesis of functional nanomaterials, while also underscoring the need for better characterization of their fundamental parameters in transient regimes.
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