Biosensors: Programmable Nucleic Acid-Binding Protein-Based Nucleic Acid Detection and Biosensing

The detection of target nucleotide is important for the accurate diagnosis of tumor development, genetic diseases, and infectious diseases and for food and environmental safety monitoring. To perform rapid, sensitive and accurate identification of such nucleotides, various biosensing principles have been reported. This chapter focuses on the detection principles relies on programmable nucleic acid-binding proteins, including zinc-finger protein, transcription activator-like effector protein, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated protein to summarize their characteristics and to discuss future directions.