Experimental investigation on thermal field measurement of lithium-ion batteries under vibration

In the current era of sustainability, electric and hybrid electric vehicles have been gaining popularity among manufacturers and daily automobile users. Adapting to the new source of power is beneficial to the environment, but at the same time brings complexities to the design and function of the vehicle, one such is the vibration that gets transmitted to the battery of the electric vehicles. This paper reports the experimental analysis of the effect of vibrations on the thermal behavior of the battery. Battery temperature greatly affects its longevity and operations. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to measure the transient temperature distributions of real lithium-ion batteries under vibration conditions. Three different discharge rates of 1C, 2C, and 3C, three different frequencies of 10 Hz, 20 Hz, and 30 Hz, and three different amplitudes of vibrations of 40 mm/s, 55 mm/s, and 70 mm/s are considered. Battery surface temperatures are measured using T-type thermocouples and verified by FLIR infrared camera. It is observed that the top region of the battery heated up faster, but a uniform distribution of temperature is observed later as the experiment continues. Different discharge rates showed a considerable rise in temperature for real batteries. The rate of transient temperature increment is affected by the vibrations applied to the batteries. A maximum difference of 5 °C is observed between vibration and no-vibration cases for real batteries.