Adsorption of copper, and zinc onto novel Ca-alginate-biochar composite prepared by biochars produced from pyrolysis of groundnut husk

Alginate-based composites have been studied for adsorption technology as adsorbents due to their biocompatible, non-toxic, and cost-effective properties. In this work, groundnut husk biochar (GHB), calcium alginate (CA), and groundnut husk biochar/calcium alginate novel composites (%10) (CA-GHB1) and (% 20) (CA-GHB2) are synthesized and characterized using BET, SEM, EDX, FTIR, TGA. Adsorption performance is compared among GHB, CA, CA-GHB1, and CA-GHB2 composites to remove Cu(II), Zn (II) from aqueous solutions. Factors affecting adsorption, as well as kinetics, equilibrium, and thermal properties of adsorption, were studied using conventional equations. Adsorption isotherm models were used for two and three-parameter isotherm models to understand the interaction between the adsorbent and the adsorbate. 24.3, 44.6, 45.6, and 40.73 mg g-1 for removal of Cu(II) on GHB, CA, CA-GHB1, and CA-GHB2 and 32.16, 25.07, 36.09, and 40.55 mg g-1 for removal of Zn(II) on GHB, CA, CA-GHB1, and CA-GHB2 found maximum adsorption capacity (Qm) calculated from Langmuir isotherm. According to D-R isotherm data, the adsorption process is classified as physical adsorption. Thermodynamically, the adsorption process is non-spontaneous and endothermic.