Terahertz toroidal metamaterial with tunable properties

We present a tunable metamodulator to work at terahertz frequencies by employing the dependency of toroidal dipolar resonance on the conductivity of vanadium dioxide. Numerical results show that toroidal dipolar resonance in the proposed planar structure can be observed around 0.288 THz in transmission spectrum. From the distribution of the anti-phase current flowing in the symmetric split ring resonator, the formation of toroidal dipole is validated. Our design may have potential applications in advanced terahertz devices, such as filter, plasmonic sensor, and fast switch.