Designing a novel red to near-infrared persistent phosphor CaMgGe2O6:Mn2+,Sm3+based on a vacuum referred binding energy diagram

We constructed an empirical energy level scheme of the CaMgGe₂O₆:Ln²⁺/Ln³⁺phosphors and improved the persistent luminescent properties of the sample, which the persistence duration was three times that of the red commercial phosphor Y₂O₂S:Eu³⁺.