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Estrogen signaling: An emanating therapeutic target for breast cancer treatment.

雌激素受体 医学 化学 雌激素 癌症 癌细胞 内科学 细胞生长 肿瘤科 富维斯特朗
作者
Tanmay Saha,Subhajit Makar,Rayala Swetha,Gopichand Gutti,Sushil Kumar Singh
出处
期刊:European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 卷期号:177: 116-143 被引量:42
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.05.023
摘要

Breast cancer, a most common malignancy in women, was known to be associated with steroid hormone estrogen. The discovery of estrogen receptor (ER) gave us not only a powerful predictive and prognostic marker, but also an efficient target for the treatment of hormone-dependent breast cancer with various estrogen ligands. ER consists of two subtypes i.e. ERα and ERβ, that are mostly G-protein-coupled receptors and activated by estrogen, specially 17β-estradiol. The activation is followed by translocation into the nucleus and binding with DNA to modulate activities of different genes. ERs can manage synthesis of RNA through genomic actions without directly binding to DNA. Receptors are tethered by protein-protein interactions to a transcription factor complex to communicate with DNA. Estrogens also exhibit nongenomic actions, a characteristic feature of steroid hormones, which are so rapid to be considered by the activation of RNA and translation. These are habitually related to stimulation of different protein kinase cascades. Majority of post-menopausal breast cancer is estrogen dependent, mostly potent biological estrogen (E2) for continuous growth and proliferation. Estrogen helps in regulating the differentiation and proliferation of normal breast epithelial cells. In this review we have investigated the important role of ER in development and progression of breast cancer, which is complicated by receptor's interaction with co-regulatory proteins, cross-talk with other signal transduction pathways and development of treatment strategies viz. selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), selective estrogen receptor down regulators (SERDs), aromatase and sulphatase inhibitors.
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