醛脱氢酶
酶
戒毒(替代医学)
醛
生物化学
细胞色素P450
药物代谢
醛氧化酶
ALDH2
新陈代谢
异型生物质的
化学
辅因子
生物
医学
病理
催化作用
替代医学
黄嘌呤氧化酶
作者
Amaj Ahmed Laskar,Hina Younus
标识
DOI:10.1080/03602532.2018.1555587
摘要
Aldehydes are carbonyl compounds found ubiquitously in the environment, derived from both natural and anthropogenic sources. As the aldehydes are reactive species, therefore, they are generally toxic to the body. To reduce the toxicity and pathogenesis related to aldehydes, the human body contains several aldehyde metabolizing enzyme systems including aldehyde oxidases, cytochrome P450 enzymes, aldo-ketoreductases, alcohol dehydrogenases, short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases and aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs). These enzyme systems maintain a low level of aldehydes in the body by catalytically converting them into less-harmful and easily excreted products. The human ALDH (hALDH) superfamily consists of 20 functional ALDH genes identified so far at distinct chromosomal locations, expressing 20 ALDH proteins, which belong to 11 different ALDH families. They are involved in the NAD(P)+-dependent oxidation of a wide range of exogenous and endogenous aldehydes to their corresponding carboxylic acids. The hALDHs are present in all sub-cellular locations and have a wide tissue distribution. This review gives an account of aldehydes; their source, toxicity and metabolism, different aldehyde metabolizing enzymes with special emphasis on ALDHs including their biochemical, physiological and pathophysiological roles in the body.
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