Longitudinal Changes in Symptom Cluster Membership in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Abstract Purpose To describe changes in symptom cluster membership over 1 year and to examine which demographic and clinical factors predict changes in symptom cluster membership among adults with inflammatory bowel disease. Design A retrospective longitudinal study of the Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America Partners Cohort from 2012 to 2015. Methods We measured symptoms of pain interference, fatigue, sleep disturbance, depression, and anxiety. We used latent transition analysis to describe changes in symptom cluster membership (baseline, 6 months, and 12 months) and multinomial regressions to examine factors associated with symptom cluster membership transition. Findings Four groups were identified ( N = 5,296): high symptom burden (32.3%–35.3%), low symptom burden (24.2%–27.1%), physical symptoms (19.0%–20.9%; pain, fatigue, sleep disturbance), and psychological symptoms (20.0%–21.5%; depression, anxiety). The probability of staying in the same group was .814 to .905. Moving from active disease into remission was associated with moving from the high burden to low burden and psychological symptom groups. Conclusions Symptom cluster membership was quite stable over 1 year. Research is needed to understand the underlying etiology of symptom clusters better and to develop interventions to reduce symptom burden in this vulnerable population. Clinical Relevance Careful consideration of symptom management options should be done with patients to select options that are effective and potentially target multiple symptoms.