Unified modeling and experimental realization of electrical and thermal percolation in polymer composites

渗透(认知心理学) 渗流阈值 材料科学 热导率 复合材料 渗流理论 热传导 碳纳米管 电阻率和电导率 导线 电导率 物理 量子力学 神经科学 生物
作者
Navid Sarikhani,Zohreh S. Arabshahi,Abbas Ali Saberi,A.Z. Moshfegh
出处
期刊:Applied physics reviews [American Institute of Physics]
卷期号:9 (4) 被引量:4
标识
DOI:10.1063/5.0089445
摘要

Correlations between electrical and thermal conduction in polymer composites are blurred due to the complex contribution of charge and heat carriers at the nanoscale junctions of filler particles. Conflicting reports on the lack or existence of thermal percolation in polymer composites have made it the subject of great controversy for decades. Here, we develop a generalized percolation framework that describes both electrical and thermal conductivity within a remarkably wide range of filler-to-matrix conductivity ratios (Yf/Ym), covering 20 orders of magnitude. Our unified theory provides a genuine classification of electrical conductivity with typical Yf/Ym≥1010 as insulator–conductor percolation with the standard power-law behavior and of thermal conductivity with 102≤Yf/Ym≤104 as poor–good conductor percolation characterized by two universal critical exponents. Experimental verification of the universal and unified features of our theoretical framework is conducted by constructing a 3D segregated and well-extended network of multiwalled carbon nanotubes in polypropylene as a model polymer matrix under a carefully designed fabrication method. We study the evolution of the electrical and thermal conductivity in our fabricated composites at different loading levels up to 5 vol. %. Significantly, we find an ultralow electrical percolation threshold at 0.02 vol. % and a record-low thermal percolation threshold at 1.5 vol. %. We also apply our theoretical model to a number of 23 independent experimental and numerical datasets reported in the literature, including more than 350 data points, for systems with different microscopic details, and show that all collapse onto our proposed universal scaling function, which depends only on dimensionality.

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