Adaptive dynamic smart textiles for personal thermal-moisture management

Intelligent thermal-moisture management textiles can maintain the physiological comfort of human body without the need for space heating or cooling, consistent with sustainable development, carbon neutrality, and emission peak. Thermal-moisture management between human body and the surrounding environment appears in multiple ways simultaneously, such as radiation, convection, evaporation, conduction, etc. Also, the thermal-moisture transfer is often in dynamic change, along with the real-time fluctuations of external stimuli, including temperature, humidity, illumination, etc. Traditional thermal-moisture management textiles are static and cannot adapt to the fluctuations of surrounding environment. By contrast, adaptive dynamic multi-modal thermal-moisture management emphasizes the dynamic response to the skin micro-environment or external stimuli, regulating the dissipation of body heat and moisture to improve physiological comfort, showing great flexibility and application potential. This review focuses on the current research status of adaptive dynamic multi-modal thermal-moisture management textiles, introducing the basic theory of human thermal-moisture transfer and response strategies, summarizing the latest research progress of adaptive multi-modal thermal-moisture management textiles, particularly shape memory dynamic multi-modal thermal-moisture management textiles covering heat/humidity-responsive and heat-humidity simultaneously responsive types. Finally, we discuss significant challenges and perspectives in this field, including smart response materials, bioinspired clothing, shape memory materials, artificial intelligence clothing, and wearability. The possible research directions are also envisaged in the future of intelligent adaptive thermal-moisture management textiles.