A Review on MoS2 Structure, Preparation, Energy Storage Applications and Challenges

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have been widely studied and applied in the field of optoelectronic materials. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has garnered significant attention in contemporary discussions and received a lot of interest in battery, catalytic, energy storage and terahertz applications because of its inherent and thickness-dependent adjustable band gap and rich properties as molybdenite. Compared with other 2D materials, MoS2 show large layers spacing, high ion retention capacity, low resistivity, high electrochemical activity, and high stability, exhibiting extensive use in the lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Due to the excellent ionic conductivity and larger theoretical specific capacity, MoS2 can also be used as electrode materials in the supercapacitor. Besides, the nano-structure MoS2 and the nanocomposite MoS2 show a higher performance than the pure MoS2, which is the current hotspot. In this review, the synthesis method and the structure of MoS2 are introduced, followed by the recent advances in the energy storage applications in the LIBs, SIBs and supercapacitors.