rTMS and TENS Relieve Neuropathic Pain in CCI Model Rats by Modulating Central Nervous System TRPV1 and Neuroinflammation

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) have both been demonstrated as effective at alleviating neuropathic pain (NP). However, the comparative efficacy of these two neuromodulation techniques and the specific neural mechanisms underlying their effects remain unclear.