LCMS Detection and Characterization of In Vitro Metabolites of Isotonitazene, a Targeted Strategy for Novel Psychoactive Substance Control in Camel Racing

The use of benzimidazole-class novel psychoactive substances has significantly increased worldwide raising concerns about potential misuse and doping in animal sports such as camel racing. Understanding the metabolism of these substances is critical for developing reliable detection methods to ensure fair competition and animal welfare.