Engineering the Diaphragm to Minimize Gas Crossover in Alkaline Water Electrolysis

振膜(声学) 电解 渡线 碱性水电解 材料科学 化学 化学工程 计算机科学 工程类 电极 电气工程 电解质 物理化学 人工智能 扬声器
作者
Florian Gellrich,Mikkel Rykær Kraglund,Jens Oluf Jensen,Henrik Stiesdal
出处
期刊:Meeting abstracts 卷期号:MA2024-02 (46): 3243-3243
标识
DOI:10.1149/ma2024-02463243mtgabs
摘要

Hydrogen, a versatile energy carrier, is essential for the transition to renewable energy systems. Electrolytically produced hydrogen using renewable sources is a core technology for decarbonizing industries and societies. However, at the end of 2021, electrolysis contributed only about 4% of global hydrogen production [1]. Various electrolytic hydrogen production techniques exist, including Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolysis (PEMEC), Solid Oxide Electrolysis (SOEC), Anion Exchange Membrane Electrolysis (AEMEC), and liquid Alkaline Water Electrolysis (AEL) [2]. AEL is the most mature and scalable technology, and it doesn't require precious metals. However, for efficiencies comparable to other techniques, AEL typically operates at low current densities of 0.2-0.5 A/cm 2 (100% of rated current density). A porous diaphragm separates the produced hydrogen and oxygen in AEL. A key limitation to part-load operation of electrolyzers is hydrogen crossover into the oxygen stream, posing a safety hazard at concentrations exceeding 4%. Diffusion of dissolved gases through the diaphragm is the main crossover mechanism in balanced AEL systems and depends on electrolyte concentration and supersaturation [3]. Therefore, addressing supersaturation can significantly enhance AEL operational flexibility [4]. While crossover is marginally affected by current density, the 2% hydrogen-in-oxygen safety limit necessitates AEL shutdown at roughly 25% of rated current density to prevent hazardous mixtures. Stiesdal Hydrogen is a climate change company developing next-generation Alkaline Water Electrolysis systems. Our hydrogen electrolyzers operate within a pressure tank, eliminating the need for a hydrogen compressor and enabling direct production at up to 35 bar. To achieve operational flexibility below 25% of rated current density without sacrificing efficiency, we have engineered a novel diaphragm with a pore structure optimized to mitigate gas crossover. [1] IRENA Hydrogen Overview https://www.irena.org/Energy-Transition/Technology/Hydrogen downloaded on 17/04 2024 08:00 MET [2] J. Hnát et al 2020 New Perspectives on Hydrogen Production, Separation, and Utilization 91-117 [3] P. Trinke et al 2018 J. Electrochem. Soc. 165 F502 [4] M. T. de Groot et al 2022 Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 47 82

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