Challenges of artificial intelligence in precision oncology: public-private partnerships including national health agencies as an asset to make it happen

Over the past few decades, oncology has faced unprecedented innovations, such as the development of precision oncology that includes the development of targeted therapies and cancer immunotherapy. Innovations lead to characterizing patient profiles with increasing precision including gene alterations, specific gene variants, pathology, and imaging patterns. Hence, even for cancers that affect large populations of patients, they are no longer seen as homogenous populations and cancer types. Lung cancer, with >2 million cases per year worldwide,1 is an outstanding example.