A Short Review Note on Finite Element Method for Hydraulic Structural Engineering

Dams play a critical role in water resources engineering, providing irrigation and drinking water through the creation of reservoirs. However, geotechnical and hydraulic engineers face challenges such as the possibility of piping events and collapse due to water leaking under the dam body, as well as variation in bearing capacity, void ratio, and water content in different regions of the ground where the dam body consolidates. The paper also highlights the advances in hydraulic structural engineering through the Finite Element Method (FEM) and other numerical modelling techniques, which have enabled more accurate design and analysis of hydraulic structures such as dams, spillways, weirs, and sluice gates. The maintenance and rehabilitation of these structures are also discussed, with a focus on developing non-destructive testing methods and innovative repair and retrofitting techniques to improve their structural integrity and hydraulic efficiency. The challenges and opportunities in hydraulic structural engineering research are explored, including the impact of climate change, sustainable design, and integration of new technologies like artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things. As hydraulic structures become more resilient and adaptive to withstand extreme events and support sustainable development, there will be an increased need for continued research and innovation in FEM and other advanced numerical modelling techniques to support hydraulic structural engineering advancements.