Advancements in carbon capture technologies: A review

The increase in the level of greenhouse gases into the environment, specifically carbon dioxide (CO2), leads to global warming, and limiting its emission has been a primary concern to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. Among the various methods of decarburization, carbon capture and storage/utilization has become paramount concerns for its separation from exhaust gases. In this paper, widespread technological solutions for CO2 capture and separation are presented and discussed to reduce carbon footprint from the source. The review elucidates various recent technologies under development, including the emerging ones with ionic liquids (ILs), membranes, and hybrid systems to tackle energy and environmental issues, along with challenges challenges for their readiness to use. Ionic liquids have appreciably drawn attention for CO2 separation as a less energy-intensive and feasible alternative for solvents. Further, it has been found that the hybrid system/process significantly decreases the energy penalty and could emerge if added with ILs/nanoparticles. Finally, future CO2 capture technologies using nanofluids, phenoxide salt, and micro-encapsulation have been explored and would be effective future technologies.