To investigate the chemical constituents from Anoectochilus roxburghii.The compounds were isolated and purified by repeated column chromatographies with silica gel, Macroporous resin and Sephadex LH-20, and their structures were identified by their physical and spectral datas.Ten compounds were isolated and elucidated as: beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(3R)-hydroxybutanolide (I), stearic acid (II), palmitic acid (III), beta-sitosterol (IV) and succinic acid (V), p-hydroxy benzaldehyde (VI), daucosterol (VII), and methyl 4-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-hutanoate (VIII); as well as p-hydroxy cinnamic acid (IX) and o-hydroxy phenol (X) were identified.Compound I ,VIII, X are firstly isolated from this species.