Nierenfunktionsstörungen durch Medikamente

Acute kidney injury (AKI) of any origin is a common complication/disease in hospitalized patients, going along with significantly increased mortality and morbidity, as well as hospitalization duration and expenses. Drug-induced AKI is usually seen in patients with concurrent risk factors such as existing kidney disease, dehydration with or without hypotension, older age or diabetes mellitus. In cases with multiple risk factors or therapies the triggering drug is often impossible to define. Hemodynamic alterations, intrinsic tubulointerstitial damages and intrarenal (i. e. tubular) obstructions as a result of drug precipitations are the pathophysiological basis of this disease entity. Clinically the AKI is perceived as the most important problem, due to the development of hyperhydration (including pulmonary edema) and reduced/lacking clearance of toxic metabolites. The prognosis of drug-induced AKI is usually good, especially if the agents are stopped early in the process, but nevertheless some patients experience severe acute AKI requiring dialysis with/without subsequent restoration. Considering and recognizing potential risk factors may help to identify patients at risk and lead to introduction of prophylactic actions. Identification of risk factors and the introduction of prevention strategies should be an integral part of everybody's daily clinical work, especially in intensive care medicine due to the high susceptibility to AKI.