Effect of the mashing process on the performance of a lipophilic hop extract to reduce the primary gushing of beer

The presence of Class II hydrophobins produced by fungi on barley results in primary gushing of beer. Gushing is the spontaneous overfoaming of carbonated beverages by opening of bottles. Solving gushing problems caused by brewing raw materials has received much scientific attention. Lipophilic extract of hops are introduced to brewers as foam suppressor in fermenters. We studied the effects of hop extract on gushing and found that lipophilic hop extract could reduce gushing. The effects are different when hop extract is added before mashing than when it is added after mashing. Hop extract contains fats and waxes and the effects on gushing are explained by a change in the physical state of its components during mashing which are due to temperature effects. Especially the effect of saturated fatty acids and waxes becomes apparent which are known as gushing inducers. This indicates that with respect to gushing potential of the hop extract's components, it is better to be added to cold wort (after mashing and filtration). Our study also showed an important effect of the filtration step on the amount of gushing.