生物
抗原
获得性免疫系统
CD19
先天免疫系统
细胞生物学
免疫学
免疫系统
补体系统
补体受体
B细胞
抗体
作者
Douglas T. Fearon,Michael C. Carroll,Michael C. Carroll
出处
期刊:Annual Review of Immunology
[Annual Reviews]
日期:2000-04-01
卷期号:18 (1): 393-422
被引量:499
标识
DOI:10.1146/annurev.immunol.18.1.393
摘要
The membrane protein complex CD19/CD21 couples the innate immune recognition of microbial antigens by the complement system to the activation of B cells. CD21 binds the C3d fragment of activated C3 that becomes covalently attached to targets of complement activation, and CD19 co-stimulates signaling through the antigen receptor, membrane immunoglobulin. CD21 is also expressed by follicular dendritic cells and mediates the long-term retention of antigen that is required for the maintenance of memory B cells. Understanding of the biology of this receptor complex has been enriched by analyses of genetically modified mice; these analyses have uncovered roles not only in positive responses to foreign antigens, but also in the development of tolerance to self-antigens. Studies of signal transduction have begun to determine the basis for the coreceptor activities of CD19. The integration of innate and adaptive immune recognition at this molecular site on the B cell guides the appropriate selection of antigen by adaptive immunity and emphasizes the importance of this coreceptor complex.
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