Long-term donepezil treatment in 565 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD2000): randomised double-blind trial

多奈哌齐 安慰剂 医学 阿尔茨海默病 内科学 日常生活活动 随机对照试验 痴呆 心理学 精神科 疾病 病理 替代医学
作者
Carol A. Courtney,Dawn Farrell,Richard Gray,Robert Kerrin Hills,Leila Lynch,E Sellwood,SJ Edwards,Wendy Hardyman,James Raftery,Peter Crome,Corinne Lendon,Helen A. Shaw,Peter Bentham
出处
期刊:The Lancet [Elsevier]
卷期号:363 (9427): 2105-2115 被引量:788
标识
DOI:10.1016/s0140-6736(04)16499-4
摘要

SummaryBackgroundCholinesterase inhibitors produce small improvements in cognitive and global assessments in Alzheimer's disease. We aimed to determine whether donepezil produces worthwhile improvements in disability, dependency, behavioural and psychological symptoms, carers' psychological wellbeing, or delay in institutionalisation. If so, which patients benefit, from what dose, and for how long?Methods565 community-resident patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease entered a 12-week run-in period in which they were randomly allocated donepezil (5 mg/day) or placebo. 486 who completed this period were rerandomised to either donepezil (5 or 10 mg/day) or placebo, with double-blind treatment continuing as long as judged appropriate. Primary endpoints were entry to institutional care and progression of disability, defined by loss of either two of four basic, or six of 11 instrumental, activities on the Bristol activities of daily living scale (BADLS). Outcome assessments were sought for all patients and analysed by logrank and multilevel models.FindingsCognition averaged 0·8 MMSE (mini-mental state examination) points better (95% Cl 0·5–1·2; p<0·0001) and functionality 1·0 BADLS points better (0·5–1·6; p<0·0001) with donepezil over the first 2 years. No significant benefits were seen with donepezil compared with placebo in institutionalisation (42% vs 44% at 3 years; p=0·4) or progression of disability (58% vs 59% at 3 years; p=0·4). The relative risk of entering institutional care in the donepezil group compared with placebo was 0·97 (95% Cl 0·72–1·30; p=0·8); the relative risk of progression of disability or entering institutional care was 0·96 (95% Cl 0·74–1·24; p=0·7). Similarly, no significant differences were seen between donepezil and placebo in behavioural and psychological symptoms, carer psychopathology, formal care costs, unpaid caregiver time, adverse events or deaths, or between 5 mg and 10 mg donepezil.InterpretationDonepezil is not cost effective, with benefits below minimally relevant thresholds. More effective treatments than Cholinesterase inhibitors are needed for Alzheimer's disease.
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