Diagnosis and Management of Bone Malignancy in Adolescence

Approximately 6% of all childhood malignancies are malignant bone tumors, of which the 2 most frequently encountered are osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma. In the United States, the annual incidence in children under 20 years of age is 8.7 per million. In this article we provide an overview of the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of both osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma. Survivorship issues in children and adolescents treated for these malignancies are discussed.