Circular bivalent aptamers enhance the activation of the regenerative signaling pathway for repairing liver injury in vivo

We developed a circular bivalent aptamer (CBA) to precisely activate membrane receptor-mediated regenerative signaling for liver repair in vivo. The CBA showed enhanced biostability and receptor binding avidity, achieving effective pathway activation and satisfactory treatment in an acetaminophen-induced liver injury model. This work expands aptamer-based molecular engineering in regenerative medicine.