The charge exchange of slow highly charged ions at surfaces unraveled with freestanding 2D materials

离子 化学物理 电荷(物理) 费用交换 表面电荷 纳米技术 化学 材料科学 原子物理学 物理 物理化学 量子力学 有机化学
作者
R. Wilhelm
出处
期刊:Surface Science Reports [Elsevier]
卷期号:77 (4): 100577-100577 被引量:7
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.surfrep.2022.100577
摘要

The property of a variable charge state makes ions unique to other types of radiation a material surface can be exposed to. As a consequence of charge exchange between ions and surfaces, energy is transferred to the surface and material damage may be triggered. Furthermore, a changing charge state of the ion alters its slowing down process in solids and has important implications when back-scattered ions are to be measured for material analysis purposes. Over the last decades extensive research was devoted to the understanding of ion charge exchange with solids. Here I review recent progress in this field with special emphasize on slow ions in high charge states. This class of ions allows a detailed analysis of charge exchange in experiments, which employ also ultra-thin solid targets and therefore give experimental access to electronic processes on the femtosecond timescale. In this review I will discuss general properties of charge exchange and present typical experimental techniques. I will also discuss current developments in the modelling and simulation of ion-surface interaction. Recent findings using freestanding 2D materials are discussed as well as results from spectroscopy of emitted secondary particles. The paper concludes with a unified picture of ion charge exchange at surfaces and presents possible applications based on the understanding of the underlying physics.
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