Effects of mind-body exercise on perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Importance The increasing attention to the management of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women parallels the growth of the aging population. Although hormone therapy is commonly used to alleviate menopausal symptoms, it carries a potential risk of cancer. Recently, mind-body exercises have emerged as innovative approaches for improving menopausal symptoms and bone health. However, research findings have needed to be more consistent, highlighting the significance of this study's systematic review of mind-body exercise effects on perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Objective This study aims to evaluate the impact of mind-body exercises, including tai chi, yoga, Pilates, qigong, baduanjin, and mindfulness-based stress reduction, on bone mineral density, sleep quality, anxiety, depression, and fatigue among perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Evidence Review Four electronic databases—PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science—were systematically searched from inception until July 2023. The search focused exclusively on randomized controlled trials to examine the impact of mind-body exercise interventions on perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Cochrane Bias Risk Assessment tool. Findings A total of 11 randomized controlled trials, comprising 1,005 participants, were included in the analysis. Traditional meta-analysis indicated that mind-body exercise significantly enhanced bone mineral density in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women compared with control groups, with a standardized mean difference (SMD) of 0.41 (95% CI, 0.17 to 0.66; P = 0.001, I 2 = 7%). In addition, significant improvements were observed in sleep quality (SMD, −0.48; 95% CI, −0.78 to −0.17; P = 0.002, I 2 = 76%), anxiety reduction (SMD, −0.80; 95% CI, −1.23 to −0.38; P = 0.0002, I 2 = 84%), depressive mood (SMD, −0.80; 95% CI, −1.17 to −0.44; P < 0.0001, I 2 = 79%), and fatigue (SMD, −0.67; 95% CI, −0.97 to −0.37; P < 0.0001, I 2 = 0%). Conclusions and Relevance The findings of this meta-analysis demonstrate that mind-body exercise positively influences bone mineral density, sleep quality, anxiety, depression, and fatigue among perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.