Nanomaterials Boost CAR‐T Therapy for Solid Tumors

Abstract T cell engineering, particularly via chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) modifications for enhancing tumor specificity, has shown efficacy in treating hematologic malignancies. The extension of CAR‐T cell therapy to solid tumors, however, is impeded by several challenges: The absence of tumor‐specific antigens, antigen heterogeneity, a complex immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and physical barriers to cell infiltration. Additionally, limitations in CAR‐T cell manufacturing capacity and the high costs associated with these therapies restrict their widespread application. The integration of nanomaterials into CAR‐T cell production and application offers a promising avenue to mitigate these challenges. Utilizing nanomaterials in the production of CAR‐T cells can decrease product variability and lower production expenses, positively impacting the targeting and persistence of CAR‐T cells in treatment and minimizing adverse effects. This review comprehensively evaluates the use of various nanomaterials in the production of CAR‐T cells, genetic modification, and in vivo delivery. It discusses their underlying mechanisms and potential for clinical application, with a focus on improving specificity and safety in CAR‐T cell therapy.